Effect of Cu-MOF Catalyst Impregnated with K2O to Enhance Pyrolytic Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil for Biofuel Production

Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway, Shofia Khoirunnisa, Dinda Amelia Nurhanifa, Hendro Juwono, Deliana Dahnum, Joni Prasetyo, Nadiyah Salsabil Zahidah, Citra Yulia Sari

Abstract


Waste oil can be converted to fuel through complex processes due to its high impurity level and significant oxygen content. This research explores the use of pyrolysis together with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to enhance the conversion of waste oil. MOFs, porous crystalline materials formed by linking metal ions with organic linkers, provide moderate surface area and increased active sites for catalytic applications, especially in bioproduction. In this study, copper-based MOFs (Cu-MOF) were synthesized via a room temperature method using CuSO4-5H2O and 2-methylimidazole, followed by wet impregnation with K2O. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and BET and the biofuel production using GC-MS. The characterization results showed that K2O impregnation enhanced the stability of MOF structure and significantly improved thermal stability as well as made it more efficient for the pyrolytic catalytic process for biofuel production. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of K2O, SEM analysis showed that the Cu-MOF particles did not have a clear crystal shape. From BET analysis, there is a decrease in surface area due to K2O impregnation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed that the pyrolytic reaction occurred by using Cu-MOF/K2O catalyst can significantly increase the hydrocarbon compounds of the waste cooking oil to 39.25% as well as decrease the oxygen content contained in the oil to 56.65% according to the reaction in the pyrolytic catalysis cracking process. Importantly, the catalyst showed regeneration potential after use, proving its feasibility for repeated application in waste oil conversion processes.


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