Analysis of Factors Affecting the Use of E-Cigarettes (Vapes) and Their Impact on Physical, Psychological, and Social Health in Generation Z

Abstract

E-cigarettes, often referred to as vaping, are devices that heat a liquid. Through this process,nicotine is produced without the harmful substances of tobacco, but rather from a combination ofpropylene glycol, flavorings, and glycerin. Vapes, like regular cigarettes, can also becomeaddictive. The use of e-cigarettes (vape) is increasingly prevalent among Generation Z. Althoughperceived to be safer than conventional cigarettes, various studies have shown negative impactson physical, psychological and social health. This research uses a literature review method withdata sources derived from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScientDirect databases with literaturepublished from 2020 to 2025. The results of the literature study show that e-cigarette (vape) useamong Generation Z is influenced by a number of factors, such as attractive flavors, peer pressure,social media influence, and lack of family supervision. In addition, many Generation Z membersbelieve that vapes are safer than conventional cigarettes, which encourages them to try them. Itcan be concluded that Generation Z uses e-cigarettes for various reasons. Therefore, education,family supervision and strict regulations are needed to stop Generation Z from vaping andencourage a healthier lifestyle. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects ofe-cigarette use and to come up with useful prevention methods