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Tinjauan Sistematik: Hubungan Status Gizi dan Kualitas Hidup pada Lanjut Usia
Abstract
Peningkatan populasi lanjut usia tidak diikuti dengan kualitas hidupnya. Status gizi menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia dan keseluruhan domainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan kualitas hidup pada lansia di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review dengan sumber data yang digunakan yakni database Pubmed, Science Direct, Garuda, dan PlosOne dengan kriteria: tahun publikasi dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021, artikel open access dengan semua desain penelitian kuantitatif, berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia, serta membahas tentang status gizi dan kualitas hidup pada lansia berusia ≥ 60 tahun. Penyeleksian studi dilakukan berdasarkan kata kunci dan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil ekstraksi dari 156 artikel, diperoleh 13 artikel membahas hubungan status gizi dan kualitas hidup lansia. Status gizi berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup lansia dengan menyebabkan beberapa dampak seperti: peningkatan kesakitan, kelelahan yang berlebihan, lambatnya kecepatan berjalan, menghambat mobilitas dan menyebabkan gangguan tidur. Lemahnya kondisi fisik menyebabkan lansia mudah mengalami depresi dan kesulitan berinteraksi sosial. Selain itu, tingginya biaya perawatan kesehatan juga berkaitan dengan tingkat kemiskinan dan stres finansial pada lansia. Diketahui pula bahwa status gizi kurang menjadi faktor risiko penyebab terjadinya sindrom frailty yang mampu memperburuk kualitas hidup lansia dalam jangka panjang.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/mujg.4.1.81-89
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