Sarcopenia dan Risiko Jatuh pada Pasien Geriatri

Anggi Setiorini

Abstract


Latar Belakang: pada pasien geriatri terjadi perubahan besar yang terkait dengan penuaan manusia yaitu penurunan massa otot secara progresif, yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kekuatan dan fungsionalitas tubuh. Sarcopenia dapat menjadi salah satu faktor risiko jatuh pada lansia disamping faktor bertambahnya usia, penggunaan obat, gangguan kognitif dan defisit sensorik. Tujuan mengetahui gambaran sarcopenia dan risiko jatuh pada pasien geriatri. Metode pencarian literature melalui Pubmed dan Google Scholar didapatkan 26 artikel mengenai sarcopenia dan risiko jatuh pada pasien geriatri. Hasil: Sarkopenia merupakan penurunan massa otot rangka yang terkait dengan usia yang diikuti dengan adanya penurunan kekuatan dan/atau fungsi otot. Usia semakin lanjut akan menurunkan massa otot akibatnya bisa menyebabkan meningkatkan risiko jatuh dan sarcopenia. Sebanyak sepertiga dari lansia akan mengalami kejadian jatuh setidaknya sekali selama setahun. Kondisi sekunder dari kejadian jatuh dapat meningkatkan risiko dari cedera akibat jatuh (misalnya, patah tulang pinggul dan cedera kepala). Salah satu cara yang cukup efektif untuk menurunkan angka kejadian jatuh adalah dengan mempraktikkan gaya hidup sehat, menghindari stress, melakukan kegiatan latihan fisik. Simpulan: Sarcopenia yang diperparah dengan adanya penurunan aktivitas fisik, dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi organ tubuh secara keseluruhan yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kejadian jatuh pada lansia.

Keywords


pasien geriatrik; risiko jatuh; sarcopenia

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/mujg.2.1.10-16

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