PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN ATRAKTAN MENGENDALIKAN HAMA KEONG MAS PADI

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki banyak tanaman berkhasiat, diantaranya adalah daun nimba, daun tembakau, daun ubi karet, buah mengkudu, dan buah pinang. Bahan-bahan tersebut mengandung xeronine, sterol, alizarin, glisin, natrium, asam kaprilat, arginin, prokserin, antra kuinin, trace elemens, fenilalanin, niclos amida, magnesium terpenoid, zat antibakteri, asam arkobat, dan scopeletin sehingga dapat dijadikan tanaman herbal dan biopestisida ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sebuah formula efektif yang dapat digunakan sebagai biopestisida untuk mengendalikan hama keong mas yang menyerang fase vegetatif tanaman padi. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Mei sampai Juli 2017 menggunakan metode non faktorial secara acak di lokasi pertanaman padi di Desa Lae Parira, Dairi, Sumatera Utara. Desain dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu daun nimba  sebagai kontrol, daun tembakau, daun ubi karet, buah mengkudu, daun pepaya, dan buah pinang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keenam biopestisida berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase kematian keong mas dan persentase rumpun padi terserang. Nilai korelasi Pearson pada persentase kematian keong mas dan persentase tanaman padi yang terkena serangan menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat signifikan. Daun nimba adalah biopestisida terbaik dalam mengendalikan molusisida, diikuti oleh buah pinang, daun tembakau, daun ubi karet, buah mengkudu dan daun pepaya. Kematian 100% keong mas akan mencegah kerusakan rumpun tanaman padi sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian dan menjaga ketahanan pangan, khususnya di Dairi, Sumatera Utara.

ABSTRACT

In Indonesia, many plantation as use as beneficial plants. This study aims to obtain an effective formula that can be used as a biopesticide to control snail pests during the vegetative phase from May to July 2017 using random non-factorial methods at two rice planting locations in the Village Lae parira, Dairi, North Sumatra. Design with 6 treatments and 3 replicates (ie control, neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum), sweet potato leaf (Manihot glaziovii), noni fruit, Morinda citrifolia, and betel nut (Areca catechu) and papaya (Carica papaya) as an eco-friendly herbaceous and biopesticide. Based on the study recorded in sampling for 7 days with 6 treatments had significant effect on the percentage affected by the clump of rice attacked and the percentage of death. Pearson correlation value recorded percentage of death and percentage of impacted  showed a very significant relationship. Neem is the best biopesticide in controlling mollusicides, followed by betel nuts, tobacco, poisonous yams and noni. Death of 100% snail mas will prevent damage to the clump of rice plants Dairi, North Sumatra. All biopesticide treatments were tested to control snail pests in rice plants that will increase agicultural productivity in maintaining food security in Dairi, North Sumatra.