Patogenisitas Cendawan Colletotrichum musae dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa dan Ketahanan Buah Beberapa Kultivar Pisang

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Dwi Nanda Aulia Situmorang
Hendrival Hendrival
Usnawiyah Usnawiyah
Latifah Latifah
Novita Pramahsari Putri
Muhammad Muaz Munauwar
Baidhawi Baidhawi

Abstrak

Penyakit antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit pascapanen pada buah pisang saat penyimpanan yang menyebabkan buah akan membusuk dan rusak sebelum matang. Penyakit antraknosa pada buah pisang disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletotrichum musae dan C. gloeosporioides. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas isolat C. musae dan C. gloeosporioides serta ketahanan buah beberapa kultivar pisang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada  November 2021 sampai Januari 2022  di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial. Faktor pertama  yaitu kultivar buah pisang dan faktor kedua yaitu  isolat cendawan.. Parameter yang diamati adalah warna koloni cendawan, periode inkubasi, dan keparahan penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koloni C. musae berwarna putih dan C. gloeosporioides berwarna putih keabuan, periode inkubasi paling singkat terjadi pada buah pisang yang diinokulasi C. musae. Berdasarkan nilai keparahan penyakit respons buah pisang dibedakan menjadi sangat rentan ( Tanduk), rentan ( Barangan, Mas, Awak, dan Raja) dan agak tahan (Kepok). Inokulasi isolat C. musae dan C. gloeosporioides pada buah pisang Tanduk dapat meningkatkan keparahan penyakit dan periode  inkubasi yang singkat dibandingkan pada buah pisang Kepok. Isolat C. musae memiliki tingkat patogenisitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan C. gloeosporioides.ABSTRACTAnthracnose disease is one of the post-harvest diseases in bananas during storage that causes the fruit to rot and be damaged before it ripens. Anthracnose disease in bananas is caused by the fungi Colletotrichum musae and C. gloeosporioides. The study aims to determine the pathogenicity of C. musae and C. gloeosporioides isolates and the resistance of several banana cultivars. The study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 at the Plant Pests and Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The experiment was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with a factorial pattern. The first factor is the banana cultivar and the second factor is the fungal isolate. The parameters observed were the colony color, the incubation period, and the severity of the disease. The results showed that the C. musae colony was white and C. gloeosporioides was grayish white, the shortest incubation period occurred in bananas inoculated with C. musae. Based on the severity of the disease, the response of banana fruit is divided into very susceptible (Tanduk), susceptible (Barangan, Mas, Awak, and Raja) and somewhat resistant (Kepok). Inoculation of C. musae and C. gloeosporioides isolates on Tanduk banana fruit can increase the severity of the disease and the short incubation period compared to Kepok banana fruit. C. musae isolates have a higher pathogenicity level than C. gloeosporioides.

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Biografi Penulis

Dwi Nanda Aulia Situmorang, Universitas Malikussaleh

Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

Hendrival Hendrival, Universitas Malikussaleh

Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

Usnawiyah Usnawiyah, Universitas Malikussaleh

Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

Novita Pramahsari Putri, Universitas Malikussaleh

Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

Muhammad Muaz Munauwar, Universitas Malikussaleh

Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

Baidhawi Baidhawi, Universitas Malikussaleh

Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian

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