Status Gula dan Hara pada Daun Serta Status Gula pada Buah Manggis Selama Fase Perkembangan Buah

Dhika Prita Hapsari, Roedhy Poerwanto, Didy Sopandie, Edi Santosa, Deden Derajat Matra

Abstract


Produksi manggis dari tahun ke tahun mengalami fluktuasi yang cukup signifikan akibat terjadinya ketidakseimbangan fotosintat pada tanaman manggis. Pada saat on year buah manggis yang dihasilkan banyak namun berukuran kecil, sebaliknya pada saat off year buah manggis yang dihasilkan sedikit namun berukuran lebih besar. Selain itu, terjadi gugur buah yang cukup tinggi ketika on year akibat tanaman tidak mampu menopang buah yang sangat banyak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai status nutrisi pada tanaman manggis sehingga dapat menjelaskan fluktuasi hara dan gula pada tanaman manggis selama satu periode panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman manggis memiliki rasio jumlah daun dan buah yang tinggi yaitu 142:1. Perubahan kandungan hara daun akibat perkembangan buah manggis paling utama ditemukan pada unsur K, Ca, B, Cu, Zn yang memiliki peran penting dalam proses pembentukan buah. Diduga terjadi hambatan translokasi gula pada fase awal perkembangan buah yang ditunjukkan oleh tingginya kandungan gula pada daun seiring dengan rendahya kandungan gula pada buah manggis. Kandungan glukosa dan fruktosa paling tinggi terdapat pada buah manggis yang memasuki fase pematangan buah.

ABSTRACT

Mangosteen production fluctuates year by year because of imbalance nutrient in plant. Plant produces a lot of fruit with smaller size during “on season”, while few of fruit with bigger size during “off season”. On the other hand, the high fruit drop occurred when “on season” because mangosteen tree is not able to hold too many fruits. This experiment was conducted to obtain the information of nutrient status on mangosteen tree and explain the fluctuation of nutrient and sugar in one harvset period. The result show that mangosteen had a very high ratio between leaves and fruit, i.e 142:1. The changes of nutrient content during fruit development were found in potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), B (boron), Cu (copper), Zn (zinc) which have a critical role in fruit set process. Limitation of sugar translocation in the beginning of fruit development stage was occurred. It shows by the high content of sugar in leaves along with the low content of sugar in mangosteen fruit. The highest glucose and fructose content in mangosteen fruit was found on the beginning of maturation stage.


Keywords


Fotosintat, glukosa, nutrisi, sink-source, sukrosa

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abidi, N., Hequet, E., dan Cabrales, L. (2009). Changes in sugar composition and cellulose content during the secondary cell wall biogenesis in cotton fibers. Cellulose, 17(1), 153–160.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Produksi Tanaman Buah-Buahan. Diambil dari https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NjIjMg==/produksi-tanaman-buah-buahan.html

Bangerth, F., dan Ho, L. (1984). Fruit position and fruit set sequence in a truss as factors determining final size of tomato fruits. Ann Bot., 53, 313–319.

Bashir, H., dan Abu-Goukh, A. (2003). Compositional changes during guava fruit ripening. Food Chemistry, 80(4), 557–563.

Chatzissavvidis, C. A., Therios, I. N., dan Molassiotis, A. N. (2005). Seasonal Variation of Nutritional Status of Olive Plants as Affected by Boron Concentration in Nutrient Solution. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 28(2), 309–321.

Davies, C., Shin, R., Liu, W., dan Thomas, M. R. (2006). Transporters expressed durig grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) development are associated with an increase in berry size and berry potassium accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(12), 3209–3216.

Del Bubba, M., Giordani, E., Pippucci, L., Cincinelli, A., Checchini, L., dan Galvan, P. (2009). Changes in tannins, ascorbic acid and sugar content in astringent persimmons during on-tree growth and ripening and in response to different postharvest treatments. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22(7–8), 668–677.

Downton, W., Grant, W., dan Chacko, E. (1990). Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the photosynthesis and early growth of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). Sci Hort., 44(3–4), 215–225.

Fioravanço, J. C., dan Czermainski, A. B. C. (2018). Biennial bearing in apple cultivars. Rev. Ceres Viçosa., 65, 144–149.

Gainza-Cortés, F., Pérez-Dïaz, R., Pérez-Castro, R., Tapia, J., Casaretto, J., González, S., dan González, E. (2012). Characterization of a putative grapevine Zn transporter, VvZIP3, suggests its involvement in early reproductive development in Vitis vinifera L. BMC Plant Biology, 12(1), 111.

Hidayat, R. (2002). Kajian ritme pertumbuhan tanaman manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi (Disertasi). Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Hornitschek, P., Kohnen, M. V, Lorrain, S., Rougemont, J., Ljung, K., López-Vidriero, I., … Fankhauser, C. (2012). Phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 control seedling growth in changing light conditions by directly controlling auxin signaling. Plant J., 71, 699–711. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05033.x

Iqbal, M., Khan, M., Azam, M., Bhatti, M., Feroze, M., Zulfiqar, B., … Asif, M. (2022). Seasonal fluctuations of N, P and K in leaves influenced nutrient requirement during fruit development stages in different olive genotypes. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 65, e22210347.

Katz, E., Fon, M., Lee, Y., Phinney, B., dan Sadka, A. (2007). The citrus fruit proteome: insight into citrus fruit metabolism. Planta., 226(4), 989–1005.

Kementerian Pertanian. (2020). Outlook Manggis Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Hortikultura. Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, Sekretariat Jenderal, Kementerian Pertanian.

Lavee, S. (2007). Biennial bearing in olive (olea europaea). Annales ser hist nat., 17(1), 101–112.

Lechaudel, M., Genard, M., Lescourret, F., Urban, L., dan Jannoyer, M. (2002). Leaf-to-fruit ratio affects water and dry-matter content of mango fruit. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 77(6), 773–777.

Lechlaudel, M., Joas, J., Caro, Y., Genard, M., dan Jannoyer, M. (2004). Leaf:fruit ratio and irrigation supply affect seasonal changes in minerals, organic acids and sugars of mango fruit. Science of Food and Agriculture, 85(2), 251–160.

Lester, G., Jifon, J., dan Rogers, G. (2004). Supplemental foliar potassium applications during muskmelon fruit development can improve fruit quality, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene contents. Amer Soc Hor Sci., 130(4), 649–653.

Marschner, H. (2012). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (3rd ed.). United State (US): Academic Press.

Mett, V., Podivinsky, E., Tennant, A., Lochhead, L., Jones, W., dan Reynolds, P. (1996). A system for tissue-specific coppercontrollable gene expression in transgenic plants: nodulespecific antisence of aspartate aminotransferase-P2. Transgenic Res., 5, 105–113.

Monselise, S., dan Goldschmidt, E. (1982). Alternate bearing in fruit trees. In Alternate bearing in fruit trees. Horticultural Review. 4: 128–173.Morton J. 1987. Mangosteen in: fruits of warm climates. Florida (USA). (hal. 301–304). Diambil dari http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ newcrop/morton/mangosteen.html.

Moss, G. (2015). Effect of fruit on flowering in relation to biennial bearing i sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). J Hort Sci., 46(2), 177–184.

Natchtigall, G., dan Dechen, A. (2006). Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees. Soils and Plant Nutrition, 63(5), 1856.

Nguyen-Quoc, B., dan Foyer, C. (2001). A role of ‘futile cycles’ involving invertase and sucrose synthase in sucrose metabolism of tomato fruit. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(358), 881–889.

Nichols, D., Embree, C. G., dan Fillmore, S. A. E. (2011). Dormant spur-wood pruning severity impacts on vegetative growth, blossom intensity and fruit weight of ′Honeycrisp′ apple trees. Acta Hortic., 903, 681–687.

Peirs, A., Scheerlinck, N., Perez, A., Jancsók, P., dan Nicolaı̈, B. (2002). Uncertainty analysis and modelling of the starch index during apple fruit maturation. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 26(2), 199–207.

Procko, C., Crenshaw, C. M., Ljung, K., Noel, J. P., dan Chory, J. (2014). Cotyledon-generated auxin is required for shade-induced hypocotyl growth in Brassica rapa. Plant Physiol., 165(1285–1301). https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.241844

Sadka, A., Shlizerman, L., Kamara, I., dan Blumwald, E. (2019). Primary metabolism in citrus fruit as affected by its unique structure. Front Plant Sci., 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01167

Shivran, J., Jat, M., Jat, R., dan Jat, A. (2020). Adoption of regular bearing in mango over biennial bearing. Intl J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci, 9, 149-154x.

Srivastava, A., dan Handa, A. (2005). Hormonal regulation of tomato fruit development: a molecular perspective. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 24(2), 67–82.

Storey, R., dan Treeby, M. (2000). Seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations of navel orange fruit. Sci Hort., 84(1–2), 67–82.

Sturm, L., Koron, D., dan Stampar, F. (2003). The composition of fruit of different strawberry varieties depending on maturity stage. Food Chemistry, 83(3), 417–422.

Ullah, M. F., Khan, H. Y., Zubair, H., Shamim, U., dan Hadi, S. M. (2011). The antioxidant ascorbic acid mobilizes nuclear copper leading to a prooxidant breakage of cellular DNA: implications for chemotherapeutic action against cancer. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 67, 103–110.

Warmund, M. (2008). Leaf to fruit ratios: a balancing act for sustained apple production. University of Missiouri, Integrated Pest Management. Diambil dari https://ipm.missouri.edu/meg/2008/3/Leaf-to-Fruit-Ratios-A-Balancing-Act-for-Sustained-Apple-Production/

Woldemariam, S., Solomon, M., dan Zeru, D. (2018). Effect of potassium levels on productivity and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Agricultural Studies, 6(1), 104–117.

Xiloyannis, C., Celano, G., Montanaro, G., Dichio, B., Sebastiani, L., dan Minnocci, A. (2001). Water relations, calcium and potassium concentration in fruits and leaves during annual growth in mature kiwifruit plants. Acta Hort., 564, 129–134.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/jat.9.1.44-52

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Powered by Puskom-UMJ