SURVEI TINGKAT ANSIETAS ORANG TUA YANG MERAWAT ANAK PENGIDAP KANKER DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Memiliki anak yang terdiagnosa kanker merupakan kondisi yang menimbulkan ketegangan psikologis dan fisik bagi orang tua. Pengobatan dalam jangka waktu lama dan ketidakpastian kondisi anak membuat orang tua sering merasa dalam kondisi cemas dan tertekan. Masalah ini seringkali terabaikan oleh tenaga kesehatan, karena lebih berfokus pada penyembuhan pasien. Padahal orang tua memegang peranan penting dalam perawatan anak dengan kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi tingkat ansietas pada orang tua yang merawat anak dengan kanker di Indonesia Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional pada 100 orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan diagnose kanker yang dirawat di dua rumah sakit rujukan di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Untuk pengambilan data penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) versi Indonesia dan kuesioner data demografi orang tua serta catatan medis pasien. Hasil penelitian dari 100 orang responden yang disurvei terdapat 49% yang mengalami gejala ansietas, 17% masih pada tahap borderline, dan 34% tidak terdapat gejala ansietas. Ansietas berhubungan dengan munculnya gejala depresi (p<.001, r=.655). Orang tua yang berpenghasilan tidak stabil lebih berpeluang mengalami ansietas dibandingkan dengan yang berpenghasilan tetap. Ansietas merupakan salah satu masalah psikologis yang sering dialami oleh orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan diagnose kanker. Ansietas harus segera ditangani oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk mencegah masalah psikologis lebih lanjut. Konseling dan pemberian edukasi merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan tingkat ansietas pada orang tua.
Kata kunci: anak, ansietas, kanker, orang tua
ABSTRACT
Parents of children with cancer often endured psychological and physical problems. Long term treatment and unstable condition of their child creates anxiety and distress for parents. This problem usually neglected by health care providers, due to their concern is on the condition of the child. Otherwise, parent’s role is very important in children cancer care. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of anxiety among parents of children with cancer. This research was a cross sectional study, involving 100 parents of children with cancer in two public hospital in East Java and Central Java. To collect the data, we used Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Questionnaire, demographic questionnaire, and children clinical status. Among 100 participants, 49% experienced signs of anxiety, 17% was borderline, and the rest 34% have no signs of anxiety. Anxiety was highly correlation with depression (p<.001, r=.655). Parents with unstable economic condition has higher level of anxiety. Anxiety is a psychological problem among parents of children with cancer. Health care providers should give an attention to parents with anxiety to prevent further psychological problems. Counselling and parental education should be implemented to reduce the level of anxiety.
Keyword: anxiety, cancer, children, parentFull Text:
PDFReferences
Abbasnezhad, M., Rahmani, A., Ghahramanian, A., Roshangar, F., Eivazi, J., Azadi, A., & Berahmany, G. (2015). Cancer care burden among primary family caregivers of Iranian hematologic cancer patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(13), 5499-5505. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5499
Antara, 2017. YKAI: Penderita kanker anak meningkat tujuh persen. Available from http: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/656487/ykai-penderita-kanker-anak-meningkat-tujuh-persen Accessed April 28,2018
Bemister, T., Brooks, B., Dyck, R., & Kirton, A. (2015). Predictors of caregiver depression and family functioning after perinatal stroke. Bio Medicine Central Pediatrics, 15(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0397-5
Bozo, Ö., Anahar, S., Ateş, G., & Etel, E. Effects of illness representation, perceived quality of information provided by the health-care professional, and perceived social support on depressive symptoms of the caregivers of children with leukemia. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 2009; 17(1): 23-30.
Chambers, S., Girgis, A., Occhipinti, S., Hutchison, S., Turner, J., Morris, B., & Dunn, J. (2011). Psychological distress and unmet supportive care needs in cancer patients and carers who contact cancer helplines.
European Journal of Cancer Care, 21(2), 213-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2011.01288.x
Choi, J., Sherwood, P., Schulz, R., Ren, D., Donahoe, M., Given, B., &
Hoffman, L. (2012). Patterns of depressive symptoms in caregivers of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults from intensive care unit admission to 2 months post intensive care unit discharge. Critical Care Medicine, 40(5), 1546-1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182451c58
Clark, L, A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100 (3), 316 - 336
Demirtepe-Saygılı, D. & Bozo, Ö. (2011). Correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among the caregivers of leukemic children. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 18(1), 46-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10880-011-9229-4
Din, S., Jaafar, N., Zakaria, H., Saini, M., Ahmad, S., Midin, M. (2016). Anxiety disorders in family caregivers of breast cancer patients receiving oncologic treatment in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal Cancer Prevention, 18 (2), 462 – 471.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2016, June 10). International childhood cancer day: Much remains to be done to fight childhood cancer. Retrieved from http://www.iarc.fr/
Kearney, GA., Salley, CG., Murriel, AC. Standard of psychosocial care for parents of children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:S632-S683
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, 2013. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Available from http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf Accessed 27 October 2017
Molassiotis, A., Wilson, B., Blair, S., Howe, T., & Cavet, J. (2010). Unmet supportive care needs, psychological well-being and quality of life in patients living with multiple myeloma and their partners. Psycho-Oncology, 20(1), 88-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.1710
Mostert, S., Sitaresmi, M., Gundy, C., Sutaryo, & Veerman, A. Parental experiences of childhood leukemia treatment in Indonesia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 2008; 30(10), 738-743.
Rudy, M., Widyadharma, PE., Adnyana, O. Reliability Indonesian version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) of stroke patients in Sanglah general hospital Denpasar. Research Gate 2015
Sklenarova, H., Krümpelmann, A., Haun, M., Friederich, H., Huber, J., & Thomas, M. et al. When do we need to care about the caregiver? Supportive care needs, anxiety, and depression among informal caregivers of patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Cancer 2015; 121(9): 1513-1519.
Zigmond, A., & Snaith R. The hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Acta Psychiatr. Scand 1983; 67:361-370
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/ijnsp.v1i1.%25p
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.