Glycosylation Gap in type II diabetes mellitus patients with vitamin D deficiency

Muhammad A. Ahmed Alkataan; Hayder F. Ibrahim; Alaa Altai

doi:10.24853/jurtek.16.2.187-194

Glycosylation Gap in type II diabetes mellitus patients with vitamin D deficiency

Muhammad A. Ahmed Alkataan, Hayder F. Ibrahim, Alaa Altai

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a major health problem worldwide. DMis usually associated with hypovitaminosis D. Glycosylation is a non-enzymatic process associated with hyperglycemia. This work aims to explore the changes in glycosylation gap and VDR gene expression in type II DM patients with different vitamin D (vit. D) status in Mosul Province. This study recruit 300 subjects visiting Orkida's private laboratory for general screening tests. From May 2020 to August 2021, Only 80 of them fit the inclusion criteria of this work. They were divided into four groups of twenty each Serum fructosamine assay using the NBT-spectrophotometric methods12 and Vit D level estimation by using VIDAS® 25 OH Vitamin D Total - BIOMERIEUX using the Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELF) technique. Cells used for VDR qPCR analysis. The results of this work shows significant reduction in vitamin D levels between the three tested groups (p<0.05) in comparison to control. The glycosylation gap showed a significant elevated in all groups in comparison to the control-group (p<0.01). significant reduction was noticed in VDR expression in all groups in comparison to the control-group was noticed. VDR expression significantly reduced with elevation in glycosylation gap in both normoglycemic with low Vit D and type II diabetic with sufficient and insufficient vit D group.

Keywords

diabetes, glycosylation gap, Fructosamine, VDR expression

Full Text:

PDF

References

Diabetes [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes

Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007–2017. Cardiovasc Diabetol [Internet]. 2018 Dec 8;17(1):83. Available from: https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-018-0728-6

Abdul Gafoor Al kataan M. Glycosylation gap in a group obese subjects. Iraqi J Pharm [Internet]. 2013 Dec 28;13(2):11–6. Available from: https://iphr.mosuljournals.com/article_86550.html

Shymanskyi I, Lisakovska O, Mazanova A, Veliky M. Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes Mellitus. In: Vitamin D Deficiency [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2020. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/vitamin-d-deficiency/vitamin-d-deficiency-and-diabetes-mellitus

Girard E, Nacher M, Bukasa-Kakamba J, Fahrasmane A, Adenis A, Massicard M, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Diabetes in French Guiana: Epidemiology and Relation with Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications. Nutrients [Internet]. 2021 Nov 28;13(12):4302. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4302

Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D Deficiency: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Aging. Biology (Basel) [Internet]. 2019 May 11;8(2):30. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/8/2/30

Valle MS, Russo C, Malaguarnera L. Protective role of vitamin D against oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev [Internet]. 2021 Nov 24;37(8):e3447. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dmrr.3447

Grant WB, Fakhoury HMA, Karras SN, Al Anouti F, Bhattoa HP. Variations in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Countries from the Middle East and Europe: The Roles of UVB Exposure and Diet. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 Sep 3;11(9):2065. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/9/2065

Al-Alyani H, Al-Turki HA, Al-Essa ON, Alani FM, Sadat-Ali M. Vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabians: A reality or simply hype: A meta-analysis (2008–2015). J Family Community Med. 2018;25(1):1.

Vitamin D Status and Mitochondrial Function in Children | Al Hafidh | Jordan Medical Journal.

Bissé E, Abraham EC. New less temperature-sensitive microchromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of glycosylated hemoglobins using a non-cyanide buffer system. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl [Internet]. 1985 Jan;344(C):81–91. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378434700820095

Baker J, Metcalf P, Scragg R, Johnson R. Fructosamine Test-Plus, a modified fructosamine assay evaluated. Clin Chem [Internet]. 1991 Apr 1;37(4):552–6. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/37/4/552/5649388

VIDAS® 25 OH Vitamin D Total - VIDAS® 25 OH Vitamin D Total | bioMérieux Clinical Diagnostics.

Kyrou I, Tsigos C, Mavrogianni C, Cardon G, Van Stappen V, Latomme J, et al. Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors for identifying vulnerable groups for type 2 diabetes: a narrative review with emphasis on data from Europe. BMC Endocr Disord [Internet]. 2020 Mar 12;20(S1):134. Available from: https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-019-0463-3

Alvarez JA, Ashraf A. Role of Vitamin D in Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity for Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Endocrinol [Internet]. 2010;2010:1–18. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2010/351385/

Yang K, Liu J, Fu S, Tang X, Ma L, Sun W, et al. Vitamin D Status and Correlation with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Gansu Province, China. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther [Internet]. 2020 May;Volume 13:1555–63. Available from: https://www.dovepress.com/vitamin-d-status-and-correlation-with-glucose-and-lipid-metabolism-in--peer-reviewed-article-DMSO

Fleet JC. The role of vitamin D in the endocrinology controlling calcium homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol [Internet]. 2017 Sep;453:36–45. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303720717302216

Demer LL, Hsu JJ, Tintut Y. Steroid hormone vitamin D: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2018 May;122(11):1576.

Bui L, Zhu Z, Hawkins S, Cortez-Resendiz A, Bellon A. Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review. SAGE Open Med [Internet]. 2021 Jan 18;9:205031212110140. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20503121211014073

Fernández-Barral A, Bustamante-Madrid P, Ferrer-Mayorga G, Barbáchano A, Larriba MJ, Muñoz A. Vitamin D Effects on Cell Differentiation and Stemness in Cancer.

Zhao H, Tang Y, Zheng C, Ren L, Song G. Vitamin D Status is Independently Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Risk Manag Healthc Policy [Internet]. 2021 Apr;Volume 14:1393–9. Available from: https://www.dovepress.com/vitamin-d-status-is-independently-associated-with-insulin-resistance-i-peer-reviewed-article-RMHP

Szymczak-Pajor I, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2020 Sep 11;21(18):6644. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6644

Abdulrahman RM, Abdul Rahman BM. Prevalence of vitamin D level in the serum of patients living in Erbil city, Iraq, referred to private clinical laboratory and effect of age and sex on it. J Biol Res - Boll della Soc Ital di Biol Sper [Internet]. 2018 May 11;91(1):8–11. Available from: https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/jbr/article/view/6916

HbA 1c in diagnosing type 2 diabetes.

Li Z, Wang F, Jia Y, Guo F, Chen S. The Relationship Between Hemoglobin Glycation Variation Index and Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther [Internet]. 2021 Apr;Volume 14:1937–48. Available from: https://www.dovepress.com/the-relationship-between-hemoglobin-glycation-variation-index-and-vita-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO

Nagayama D, Watanabe Y, Yamaguchi T, Saiki A, Shirai K, Tatsuno I. High hemoglobin glycation index is associated with increased systemic arterial stiffness independent of hyperglycemia in real-world Japanese population: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res [Internet]. 2020 Sep 26;17(5):147916412095862. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1479164120958625

Hernández‐Sánchez F, Guzmán‐Beltrán S, Herrera MT, Gonzalez Y, Salgado M, Fabian G, et al. High glucose induces O ‐GlcNAc glycosylation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in THP1 cells and in human macrophages derived from monocytes. Cell Biol Int [Internet]. 2017 Sep 9;41(9):1065–74. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbin.10827

Guo Y-X, He L-Y, Zhang M, Wang F, Liu F, Peng W-X. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates expression of LRP1 and RAGE in vitro and in vivo, enhancing Aβ1–40 brain-to-blood efflux and peripheral uptake transport. Neuroscience [Internet]. 2016 May;322:28–38. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306452216000695

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/jurtek.16.2.187-194