STUDI KARAKETRISTIK ENDAPAN SEDIMEN DI KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA (STUDI KASUS PADA DAS PABELAN)
Abstract
Abstrak: Erupsi Gunung Merapi tahun 2010 merupakan letusan terbesar dengan membawa volume material mencapai 150 juta m3 yang tersebar di sungai-sungai yang berhulu di Gunung Merapi. Karakteristik sedimen dari material vulkanik tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kapasitas infiltrasi tanah yang menentukan besarnya limpasan permukaan (surface run off), sehingga perlu adanya penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik sedimen tersebut dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sedimen yaitu nilai kadar air tanah, nilai kepadatan tanah lapangan dan nilai kapasitas infiltrasi tanah serta volume total air infiltrasi di kawasan rawan bencana (KRB) DAS Pabelan. Pada penelitian ini pemeriksaan kepadatan tanah lapangan menggunakan alat kerucut pasir (sand cone) dan untuk pengambilan sampel tanah menggunakan silinder dengan diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 30 cm. Untuk pengukuran laju infiltrasi menggunakan double ring infiltrometer dengan ukuran diameter ring 55 cm dan 30 cm, dengan tinggi 27 cm. Titik-titik pengujian terbagi menjadi tiga lokasi yaitu KRB I, KRB II, dan KRB III, dalam satu titik dilakukan dua kali pengujian untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan selama empat hari dan dibagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu pemeriksaan kepadatan tanah lapangan, pengambilan sampel tanah dan pengukuran laju infiltrasi yang dilakukan di lapangan. Tahap kedua yaitu pengujian kadar air tanah yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kadar air tanah pada lokasi KRB I sebesar 52,37 %, lokasi KRB II sebesar 28,05 % dan lokasi KRB III sebesar 36,49 %. Nilai kepadatan tanah lapangan pada lokasi KRB I sebesar 11,05 KN/m3, lokasi KRB II sebesar 9,70 KN/m3 dan lokasi KRB III sebesar 8,45 KN/m3. Nilai kapasitas infiltrasi pada lokasi KRB I sebesar 7,285 cm/jam, lokasi KRB II sebesar 7,859 cm/jam dan lokasi KRB III sebesar 26,227 cm/jam. Volume total air infiltrasi seluas area 1 m2 pada lokasi KRB I sebesar 0,08369 m3, lokasi KRB II sebesar 0,0966 m3 dan lokasi KRB III sebesar 0,28573 m3.
Kata kunci: Gunung Merapi, karakteristik sedimen, kadar air, kepadatan tanah, infiltrasi
Abstract: Eruption of Merapi Mount in 2010 is one of biggest eruptions with the volume of material about 150 million m3, which is spreaded over the rivers that originated on Merapi Mount. Characteristics of the sediment from the volcanic material can affects the soil infiltration capacity that determines surface run off. Based on this problem, it is important to find out characteristis of the sediment and factors that influence it. This study aims to determine characteristics of the sediment from point view of soil water content, soil density value, and soil infiltration capacity as well as total water volume of infiltration in disaster prone areas on Pabelan watershed. In this study, measurement of soil density was done using sand cone and for soil sampling using cylinder with diameter 10 cm and height 30 cm. For measuring infiltration rate was used double ring infiltrometer with ring diameter size 55 cm and 30 cm, with height 27 cm. Testing points are divided into three locations namely KRB I, KRB II, and KRB III, in a point done two tests to get more accurate results. The study was conducted for four days and divided into two stages. The first stage is the inspection of soil density, soil sampling and infiltration rate measuring conducted in the field. The second stage is testing the soil water content conducted in the laboratory. Based on the result showed that soil water content value at location of KRB I, KRB II and KRB III equal to 52,37%, 28,05% and 36,49%, respectively. The soil density value at the location of KRB I was 11,05 KN / m3, the location of KRB II was 9,70 KN / m3 and the location of KRB III was 8,45 KN / m3. The value of infiltration capacity at the location of KRB I is 7,285 cm / hour, the location of KRB II is 7,859 cm / hour and the location of KRB III is 26,227 cm / hour. The total water volume of infiltration area of 1 m2 at KRB I location is 0,08369 m3, KRB II location is 0,0966 m3 and KRB III location is 0,28573 m3.
Keywords: Mount Merapi, sediment characteristis, soil water content, soil density, infiltration capacity
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PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/jk.9.2.41-50
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