BIOKONVERSI LIMBAH ORGANIK MENGHASILKAN LIPID BERNILAI EKONOMIS MENGGUNAKAN MIKROALGA AURANTIOCHYTRIUM DARI HUTAN BAKAU BUNAKEN, SULAWESI UTARA

Authors

  • Suhendra Suhendra Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Sekar Pratiwi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Hutri Puspita Sari Universitas Prof. Dr. Hamka
  • Andri Hutari Universitas Prof. Dr. Hamka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24853/konversi.12.1.8

Abstract

Modernisasi dan industrialisasi telah merevolusi sektor pangan dan pertanian yang mengarah pada peningkatan dramatis dalam produktivitas dan pemasarannya. Dampaknya adalah peningkatan produksi makanan dan limbah agroindustri. Untuk mengatasi problematika masalah sampah secara terpadu, perlu dikembangkan strategi berkelanjutan yang sangat tergantung pada pemahaman tentang tantangan teknologi dan ekonomi. Terkait dengan itu, perlu dieksplorasi teknologi untuk mengkonversi limbah organik menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi, antara lain melalui biokonversi menggunakan mikroalga. Salah satu mikroalga yang menarik perhatian besar dunia industri dunia adalah spesies Aurantiochytrium sp. yang saat telah dikembangkan di Eropa dan Amerika pada skala industri. Mikroalga spesies Aurantiochytrium dikenal memiliki habitat hutan bakau dan pertumbuhannya yang cepat dalam produksi asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (lemak tak jenuh rantai panjang PUFA) dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Meski Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara dengan hutan bakau terluas di dunia, tetapi kajian teknik kultivasi mikroalga Aurantiochytrium belum banyak dipublikasikan dengan isolat lokal Indonesia. Produk yang dapat dihasilkan dari mikroalga ini salah satunya yaitu omega-3 DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid). Asam lemak tak jenuh rantai ganda (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids/ PUFA) omega-3 sangat dibutuhkan tubuh manusia, seperti pencegah penyakit jantung dan diabetes, pertumbuhan sel otak dan lain sebagainya. Produksi PUFA secara ekonomis dari biokonversi mikroalga Aurantiochytrium tergantung dari nutrisi yang digunakan. Karenanya, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempresentasikan teknik kultivasi mikroalga heterotropik menggunakan mikroalga Aurantiochytrium yang masih jarang dipaparkan pada publikasi nasional. Kedua, memaparkan kemampuan biokonversi limbah organik dengan mikroalga Aurantiochytrium yang berasal dari hutan bakau Bunaken, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan isolasi sampel mikroalga dari hutan bakau Bunaken dan melakukan teknik isolasi direct plating hingga dihasilkan isolat murni. Setelah itu, dilakukan kultivasi dengan sumber nutrisi dari limbah melon, limbah apel, limbah molasses dan limbah air kelapa. Kultivasi dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan, masing-masing tahap standing culture (SC, 48 jam), pre-culture (PC, 48 jam) dan main culture (MC, 120 jam). Pada tahap kultivasi utama (MC) perbandingan sumber nitrogen dan sumber karbon masing-masing 12,5 gram (sumber nitrogen) dan 37,5 gram (sumber karbon). Sumber karbon berasal dari molasses (hasil samping pabrik gula), sampah buah melon, sampah buah apel dan air kelapa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga mikroalga Aurantiochytrium dapat tumbuh pada media yang digunakan. Selain itu, biomassa yang dihasilkan berwarna kuning cerah berbau amis seperti ikan. Dari variable jenis limbah organik yang dipakai, sampah limbah buah melon menghasilkan biomassa tertinggi, yaitu 99,4 gram/ liter. Potensi produk omega-3 yang dihasilkan bermanfaat untuk dikembangkan di sektor perikanan, peternakan, nutrisi, kosmetika dan farmasi. Oleh karena itu, dengan penelitian ini, kedepan topik penelitian biokonversi ini semoga dapat bermanfaat untuk dikembangkan dalam menghasilkan produk-produk yang memiliki nilai tambah ekonomi bagi negara demi terwujudnya negara dengan nilai gizi masyarakat dalam program ketahanan pangan dan obat-obatan nasional

Author Biographies

Suhendra Suhendra, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Program Studi Teknik Kimia

Sekar Pratiwi, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Program Studi Teknik Kimia

Hutri Puspita Sari, Universitas Prof. Dr. Hamka

Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi

Andri Hutari, Universitas Prof. Dr. Hamka

Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi

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Published

2023-06-09

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023)

Section

Articles

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