Pirolisis Ampas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum Linn): Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Yield dan Karakteristik Produk
Abstract
Potensi pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai sumber energi dan senyawa kimia yang bernilai tinggi terus dikembangkan. Ampas tebu adalah biomassa dari residu pengolahan tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum Linn) yang pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Pengolahan ampas tebu dengan pirolisis akan menghasilkan produk cair (organic phase dan water phase), padat (biochar) dan gas. Pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 300, 400, 500, 550 dan 600°C didalam reactor fixed-bed. Produk cair berupa organic dan water phase dengan yield maksimum diperoleh masing-masing pada 500°C dan 550°C. Hasil uji Gas Cromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) untuk water phase diperoleh senyawa levoglukosan (78 % area) yang sangat potensial diolah menjadi ethanol. Potensi biochar dapat dikembangkan untuk material maju dan banyak keperluan dengan surface area dengan kisaran 180,3-198,0 m2/g, average pore size pada kisaran 1,217-4,230 nm, total pore volume pada kisaran 0,001-0,122 cc/g. Kandungan gas hasil pirolisis ampas tebu adalah CO2 dan CH4. Pada suhu 300°C hanya terbentuk CO2, selanjutnya pada 400 ke 600°C CH4 meningkat tajam pada kisaran 95,04 ke 98,10%.
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