POTENSI KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PULAU LEMBEH KOTA BITUNG

Abstract

Sistem pertanian berkelanjutan ialah pengelolaan sumberdaya pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan generasi kini dan yang akan datang dengan cara merawat dan meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan serta pelestarian sumberdaya alam. Tujuan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan ialah tercapainya kesinambungan antara kepentingan ekonomi, lingkungan dan sosial dalam memanfaatkan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi karakteristik lahan untuk pengembangan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan di Pulau Lembeh Kota Bitung. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan pendekatan satuan lahan (SL) untuk pengambilan data karakteristik lahan di lapangan serta pendekatan kesesuaian lahan untuk pengembangan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2017 di Pulau Lembeh Bagian Selatan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik lahan di Pulau Lembeh sangat memungkinkan untuk pengembangan sistem pertanian jagung dan kacang tanah. Sistem pertanian jagung dan kacang tanah berkelanjutan didasarkan pada kesesuaian lahan aktualdan potensial serta ekonomi. Kesesuaian lahan aktual sistem pertanian jagung dan kacang tanah di Pulau Lembeh diperoleh sesuai marjinal (S3wa, S3wa/rc, S3wa/eh, S3wa/rc/eh) dengan faktor pembatas ketersediaan air (wa), media perakaran (rc) (tekstur) dan bahaya erosi (eh) (kemiringan lereng);  kesesuaian potensial sistem pertanian jagung dan kacang dengan perbaikan pengelolaan menjadi kesesuaian lahan agak sesuai dan kesesuaian marjinal (S2wa, S3wa/rc, S3wa/rc/eh, S2wa/eh, S3eh); kelayakan ekonomi sistem pertanian jagung dan kacang tanah diperoleh nilai positif melebihi satu sehingga layak dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan. Agar lahan pertanian di Pulau Lembeh tetap produktif diperlukan usaha menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya lahan melalui penerapan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan jagung dan kacang tanah berdasarkan kesesuaian lahan yang berorientasi konservasi lahan.

ABSTRACT

Sustainable agriculture system is the management of agricultural resources to meet the needs of present and future generations by caring for and improving environmental quality and conservation of natural resources. The objective of a sustainable agriculture system is to achieve sustainability between economic, environmental and social interests in land use. This study aims to examine the potential characteristics of land for the development of sustainable agriculture systems in Lembeh Island Bitung City. The method used is survey method and land unit (LU) approach for field land characteristic data acquisition and land suitability approach for sustainable agriculture system development. The study was conducted in June 2017 on Southern of Lembeh Island. The results showed that the characteristics of the land on Lembeh Island is very possible for the development of corn and peanut farming systems. Sustainable maize and peanut farming systems are based on actual and potential land suitability and economy. The actual land suitability of maize and peanut farming systems on Lembeh Island is obtained in accordance with marginal (S3wa, S3wa/rc, S3wa/uh, S3wa/rc/eh) with limiting factor of water availability (wa), root medium (rc) (texture) and erosion hazard (eh) (slope); potential suitability of maize and bean farming systems with improved management to suitably matched land suitability and marginal conformity (S2wa, S3wa/rc, S3wa/rc/er, S2wa/uh, S3eh); economic feasibility of corn and peanut farming system is obtained positive value exceeds one so it is worth developing continuously. In order to keep farming land on Lembeh Island productive efforts to maintain the sustainability of land resources through the implementation of sustainable farming system of corn and peanuts based on land suitability oriented land conservation.