MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS KULTUR UBI KAYU DENGAN TEKNIK SAMBUNG PUCUK (GRAFTING) IN VITRO

Nurhamidar Rahman, Hani Fitriani, N. Sri Hartati, Enny Soedarmonowati

Abstract


Mikrografting in vitro adalah salah satu teknik perbanyakan vegetatif yang dilakukan secara aseptik dengan teknik kultur sebelum menggabungkan keunggulan batang bawah dan daun tanaman. Perbanyakan ubi kayu secara konvensional, sebagai salah satu makanan pokok penting di dunia, memiliki keterbatasan karena ketergantungannya terhadap waktu dan musim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan metode yang tepat dan efektif untuk mikrografting singkong in vitro. Dua genotipe singkong yaitu varietas Adira 4 dan genotipe Gebang digunakan sebagai sumber batang bawah dan daun dengan melakukan sayatan V secara aseptik. Eksplan dikultur pada media Murashige Skoog (MS0) tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh dalam dua bentuk media yang berbeda yaitu medium cair dan medium padat. Setiap media perlakuan terdiri dari satu tanaman sambung pucuk in vitro dengan dua ulangan pada masing-masing kombinasi. Parameter pertumbuhan termasuk tingkat kelangsungan hidup tunas sambung pucuk, jumlah daun dan tinggi tunas serta panjang akar batang bawah telah diamati secara intensif per minggu selama 11 minggu. Aklimatisasi tanaman sambung pucuk dilakukan pada medium yang terdiri dari tanah: kompos: pasir (1:1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tunas sambung pucuk pada media MS padat dan cair diperoleh 33,3%. Kinerja pertumbuhan terbaik diperoleh pada tanaman sambung pucuk yang dikultur di media cair, yang dapat dilihat dari semua parameter yang diamati. Tanaman sambung pucuk menunjukkan 100% bertahan hidup setelah di aklimatisasi di rumah kaca. Penelitian ini menunjukkan keberhasilan kali pertama dalam teknik sambung pucuk in vitro dengan menggunakan berbagai bentuk media kultur, walaupun keefektifan metode ini harus ditingkatkan lebih lanjut.

ABSTRACT

In vitro micrographing is one of the vegetative propagation techniques performed aseptically with culture techniques before combining the benefits of rootstock and plant leaves. Conventional propagation of cassava, as one of the most important staples in the world, has its limitations due to its dependence on time and seasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate and effective method for cassava micrografting in vitro. Two cassava genotypes of Adira 4 and Gebang genotypes were used as rootstock and leaf sources by performing an aseptic V incision. Eksplan was cultured on Skoog Murashige (MS0) medium without growth regulator in two different media form ie medium medium and solid liquid. Each treatment medium consisted of one shoot in vitro plant with two replicates in each combination. Growth parameters including shoot spawning survival rate, leaf number and shoot height and root root length were observed intensively per week for 11 weeks. The acclimatization of shoot grafting is done on a medium consisting of soil: compost: sand (1: 1: 1). The results showed that the percentage of bud shoots on MS medium solid and liquid obtained 33.3%. The best growth performance was obtained in shoots plant cultured in liquid medium, which can be seen from all parameters observed. Buddy shoot plants show 100% survival after acclimatization in greenhouses. This study demonstrates first-time success in in vitro shoot connect technique using various forms of culture media, although the effectiveness of this method should be further improved.

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