A Review : Optimalisasi Sisa Tanaman Hiperakumulator: Pemanfaatan dan Pengelolaan Biomassa Logam Berat Pasca-Fitoremediasi
Abstract
Urbanisasi dan industrialisasi yang pesat meningkatkan risiko polusi logam berat, mengakibatkan dampak ekologis yang merugikan dan klasifikasi sebagai polutan utama. Logam berat seperti kadmium, kromium, merkuri, arsenik, timbal, dan seng tidak dapat terurai secara alami, menyebabkan tanah tidak cocok untuk pertanian. Fitoremediasi, dengan menggunakan tanaman hiperakumulator, muncul sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi kontaminasi logam berat, tetapi menghadapi tantangan polusi sekunder dari pelepasan ulang kontaminan oleh biomassa tanaman. Review ini mengevaluasi metode perlakuan pasca-fitoremediasi, termasuk perlakuan panas (insinerasi, pirolisis, dan gasifikasi), ekstraksi (dengan agen seperti amonium asetat dan amonium oksalat), pengomposan, dan pemadatan. Meskipun perlakuan panas efektif dalam menghilangkan logam berat, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efisiensi dan pemulihan logam berat. Pengomposan, meskipun mengurangi volume biomassa, memiliki risiko remobilisasi logam berat. Pemadatan, sebagai alternatif, melibatkan tekanan untuk memadatkan biomassa tanaman. Pemilihan metode perlakuan harus mempertimbangkan efisiensi, biaya, dan dampak lingkungan. Kesadaran akan potensi polusi sekunder dan pengelolaan limbah hasil dari perlakuan sangat penting untuk keberlanjutan upaya remediasi logam berat. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dalam pengembangan teknologi pasca-fitoremediasi dan pemantauan lingkungan untuk mendukung keberlanjutan upaya remediasi logam berat.
Kata kunci: Limbah, Biomassa, Logam berat, Lingkungan, Fitoremediasi
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