DISAIN DAN ANALISA PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK BERBAHAN BAKAR TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

Moch Zulfikar Eka Prayoga, Rinaldy Dalimi

Abstract


Studi ini, fokus membahas pemanfaatan energi yang berasal dari limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) berupa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) untuk menjadi bahan bakar pembangkit listrik tenaga biomasa sawit (selanjutnya disebut PLTBS) dengan kapasitas 1 x 5 MWe. Pembangkitan listrik dari TKKS, pada dasarnya merupakan proses pembakaran yang kemudian menghasilkan uap panas, sehingga menggerakkan turbin uap dan membangkitkan energi listrik. Sebelum dilakukan pembakaran, terlebih dahulu TKKS melalui dua skenario pretreatment guna mengurangi kandungan air (moisture content). Skenario pertama, TKKS dicacah menggunakan alat pencacah hingga mempunyai dimensi panjang sekitar 5 cm. Skenario kedua, TKKS setelah dicacah seperti skenario pertama, dilakukan pengeringan menggunakan peralatan pengering yang memanfaatkan udara panas dari pemanas listrik. Kedua skenario pretreatment menghasilkan penurunan kadar air dari 35%, menjadi 24,5% dan 20%, dengan hasil analisa nilai kalor 3.152 kcal/kg dan 4.185 kcal/kg untuk masing – masing skenario. Hasil dan analisa dari kedua skenario menunjukkan nilai efisiensi boiler 72,96%, energi pembangkitan yang dihasilkan 4.965,17 kcal/kWh, dan efisiensi pembangkit sebesar 17,32%. Perbedaan terdapat pada konsumsi pembakaran pada kedua skenario, yaitu masing-masing 7.587,41 kg/jam dan 5.715,19 kg/jam. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan pada studi ini adalah perbedaan nilai kalor tidak mempengaruhi unjuk kerja pembangkit dan energi yang dihasilkan. Namun, penggunaan TKKS dengan nilai kalor yang lebih tinggi, membutuhkan konsumsi pembakaran yang lebih sedikit daripada TKKS dengan nilai kalor yang rendah.

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