MENINGKATKAN DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA DI NEGARA BERPENDAPATAN MENENGAH KE BAWAH: Systematic Review

Ade Tzarina Prisella Purnamasari, Wahyu Sulistiadi

Abstract


Kanker payudara masih menjadi beban yang besar bagi negara berpendapatan menengah ke bawah dengan kasus baru dan tingkat kematian yang meningkat setiap tahun. Salah satu yang menjadi faktor penyebab adalah diagnosis kanker pada stadium lanjut. Hal ini diketahui dapat dikurangi dengan deteksi dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat metode-metode yang digunakan oleh beberapa negara berpendapatan menengah ke bawah yang memiliki dampak positif terhadap peningkatan deteksi dini kanker payudara dengan systematic review. Systematic review dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi artikel dari beberapa database yaitu ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, dan Scopus. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam proses pencarian merupakan kombinasi dari improve, early detection, early diagnosis, screening, breast cancer, dan low middle-income country. Kriteria inklusi adalah artikel full text berbahasa Inggris yang dipublikasi pada Januari 2015 hingga Januari 2020 dengan latar penelitian negara berpendapatan menengah ke bawah. Lima artikel didapatkan dari proses seleksi menggunakan diagram alir PRISMA. Metode intervensi yang digunakan dalam artikel yang didapatkan dalam upaya meningkatkan deteksi dini kanker payudara adalah meningkatkan kesadaran dengan mengirimkan brosur mengenai kesadaran tentang kanker payudara setiap tahun, melatih masyarakat awam dan sukarelawan untuk melakukan skrining, melatih tenaga profesional dan melakukan program quality assurance, serta menggunakan model deteksi dini yang diimplementasi di program kontrol kanker nasional. Metode-metode ini diketahui berhasil meningkatkan deteksi dini kanker payudara di negara berpendapatan menengah ke bawah. Oleh karena itu, negara berpendapatan menengah ke bawah perlu memprioritaskan deteksi dini agar dapat mengatasi beban akibat kanker payudara dan mulai untuk Menyusun strategi yang jelas agar program atau metode yang dijalankan dapat terjamin pembentukan dan keberlanjutannya.

Kata Kunci: kanker payudara, deteksi dini, negara berpendapatan menengah ke bawa

---

Cancer, especially breast cancer, is still becoming an unsolved problem in LMICs. Breast cancer incidence and mortality keep increasing by year, mainly caused by late-stage diagnosis of the breast cancer that still presented mostly in LMICs. One of the already known way to decrease it is by doing early detection. This study systematically reviewed the early detection programs or methods in LMICs that had positive result in improving breast cancer’s early detection. The systematic review was carried out by identifying literatures on some online databases, such as ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, dan Scopus. The literatures were searched using keywords that were combination of improve, early detection, early diagnosis, screening, breast cancer, dan low middle-income country. Criteria of inclusion for this systematic review were English literatures, full text, published in January 2015 – January 2020, and the researches were conducted in LMICs. Five literatures were obtained using PRISMA flow diagram. Intervention programs or methods that mentioned in the literatures were annually sending breast cancer awareness brochures by mail, task shifting to trained laywomen and volunteers for screening, training programs for health professionals and doing quality assurance periodically, and implementing national program for cancer control along with the early detection model. These programs and methods were proofed to have positive impact in improving early detection for breast cancer in LMICs. Prioritizing early detection programs need to be done in LMICs to resolve breast cancer burden. Solid strategies should be established to make sure the implementation and sustainability of the programs.

Keywords: early detection, screening, breast cancer, low middle-income country

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


. [1] Martei YM, Pace LE, Brock JE, Shulman LN. Breast Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Why We Need Pathology Capability to Solve This Challenge. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 2018;38:161–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2 017.10.013. 2. [2] WHO. Cancer 2018. https://www.who.int/newsroom/factsheets/detail/cancer (accessed April 29, 2020). 3. [3] Gupta A, Shridhar K, Dhillon PK. A review of breast cancer awareness among women in India: Cancer literate or awareness deficit? European Journal of Cancer 2015;51:2058–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca .2015.07.008. 4. [4] Rivera-Franco MM, Leon-Rodriguez E. Delays in breast cancer detection and treatment in developing countries. Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 2018;12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178 223417752677. 5. [5] Islam RM, Bell RJ, Billah B, Hossain MB, Davis SR. Awareness of breast cancer and barriers to breast screening uptake in Bangladesh: A population based survey. Maturitas 2016;84:68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mat uritas.2015.11.002. 6. [6] Gadgil A, Sauvaget C, Roy N, Muwonge R, Kantharia S, Chakrabarty A, et al. Cancer early detection

program based on awareness and clinical breast examination: Interim results from an urban community in Mumbai, India. Breast 2017;31:85–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brea st.2016.10.025. 7. [7] Gutnik L, Lee C, Msosa V, Moses A, Stanley C, Mzumara S, et al. Clinical breast examination screening by trained laywomen in Malawi integrated with other health services. Journal of Surgical Research 2016;204:61–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss. 2016.04.017. 8. [8] Parambil NA, Philip S, Tripathy JP, Philip PM, Duraisamy K, Balasubramanian S. Community engaged breast cancer screening program in Kannur District, Kerala, India: A ray of hope for early diagnosis and treatment. Indian Journal of Cancer 2019;56:222–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijc.IJ C_397_18. 9. [9] Gutnik LA, MatanjeMwagomba B, Msosa V, Mzumara S, Khondowe B, Moses A, et al. Breast Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Perspective From Malawi. Journal of Global Oncology 2016;2:4–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2 015.000430. 10. [10] Aribal E, Mora P, Chaturvedi AK, Hertl K, Davidović J, Salama DH, et al. Improvement of early detection of breast cancer through collaborative multicountry efforts:

AN-Nur: Jurnal Kajian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Website : https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/AN-NUR Vol. 01 Nomor 01 Agustus 2020 Hal. 19 - 32

Observational clinical study. European Journal of Radiology 2019;115:31–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejra d.2019.03.020. 11. [11] Shakor JK, Mohammed AK. Assessment of breast cancer early detection program in Iraq-Sulaimania: Measuring the cancer detection rate. Indian Journal of Cancer 2018;55:84–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijc.IJ C_633_17. 12. [12] Tareq Mutar M, Mohammed ;, Goyani S, Ali ;, Had M, Mahmood AS. Pattern of Presentation of Patients With Breast Cancer in Iraq in 2018: A CrossSectional Study. J Global Oncol 2019. https://doi.org/10.1200/JGO. 19. 13. [13] Bhoo-Pathy N, Yip CH, Peters SAE, Kimman M, Sullivan R, Jan S, et al. Policy and priorities for national cancer control planning in low- and middleincome countries: Lessons from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Costs in Oncology prospective cohort study. European Journal of Cancer 2017;74:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca .2016.12.014. 14. [14] Castells X, Román M, Romero A, Blanch J, Zubizarreta R, Ascunce N, et al. Breast cancer detection risk in screening mammography after a falsepositive result. Cancer Epidemiology 2013;37:85– 90.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.can ep.2012.10.004.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/an-nur,%201,%201,%2054-63

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.
Powered by Puskom-UMJ