LITERATURE REVIEW: PENGARUH POLA MAKAN TERHADAP SINDROM METABOLIK
Abstract
Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalah gangguan metabolik yang dapat meningkatkan risiko berbagai penyakit tidak menular, diantaranya penyakit jantung dan diabetes tipe 2. SM ditandai dengan 5 parameter, diantaranya kadar gula darah, obesitas sentral, kadar trigliserida, kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), dan tekanan darah. Saat ini pola makan menjadi salah satu determinan yang menjadi variabel penting melihat risiko terhadap berbagai penyakit tidak menular, termasuk juga SM. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan mengkaji lebih dalam beberapa pola makan di dunia yang berhubungan dengan SM. Kajian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan artikel yang terkait pada beberapa pengindeks jurnal yang menyediakan akses artikel gratis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pola makan barat ditandai dengan konsumsi daging merah dan produknya menunjukkan risiko SM yang tinggi. Pola makan Mediterranean, ditandai dengan konsumsi minyak zaitun menunjukkan risiko SM rendah. Pola makan tradisional korea, ditandai dengan konsumsi sayur-sayuran meskipun tidak menunjukkan penurunan risiko sindrom metabo tetapi, pola makan ini dapat menurunkan kadar HDL, salah satu parameter dari SM. Pola makan prudent diet ditandai dengan tingginya konsumsi ikan dan kacang-kacangan yang menunjukkan peningkatan kadar HDL. Pola makan vegetarian ditandai dengan tingginya konsumsi nasi dan kentang yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah. Beberapa pola makan menunjukkan peningkatan SM, namun ada pula yang menunjukkan penurunan risiko SM. Diperlukan penelitian yang menunjukkan pengaruh pola makan terhadap SM di beberapa wilayah Indonesia, mengingat Indonesia terdiri dari banyak suku bangsa. Hal ini dapat menjadi kunci untuk upaya pencegahan SM di Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/an-nur,%201,%202,%20215%20-%20224
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