The Interrelationships Between Marital and Housing Tenure Status of Female Adolescents and Adults in Jakarta Province
Abstract
This study attempts to unveil the interrelationships between marital and housing tenure status of female adolescents and adults in Jakarta province. Although gender equality becomes one of the prioritized sustainable development goals, the housing tenure of female adolescents and adults, according to their current marital status, is rarely examined for ensuring their tenure security and improvement of well-being. The employed mixed-method research with sequential quantitative-qualitative methods delivers the crosstab analysis to identify the majority of types of housing tenure according to the marital status of 289 female respondents, and axial coding from interviews with the selected respondents to understand the interrelationship between their marital and housing status. The result highlights that life-course events such as entering marriage, parenthood, and marriage dissolution lead to housing mobility and tenure changes, which are driven by financial capacity for meeting physiological and psychological needs. It emphasizes the meaning of a house for women as a haven for physical and psychological refuge, rather than a mere representation of social status. It complements the academic conversation on the gender-related topic of housing and also enriches the housing policy, planning, and design to meet the objective of the gender equality program according to sustainable development goals.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
UN Women. Women and Sustainable Development Goals. UN Women: Nairobi; 2020.
UN Women. Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The Gender Snapshot 2022. UN Women: New York; 2022.
Ross, F. Raw life and respectability poverty and everyday life in a post apartheid community. Current Anthropology 2015;56(11): S97–S107.
Jones, A., Teixeira, C. Housing experiences of single mothers in Kelowna's rental housing market. Canadian Journal of Urban Research 2015;24(2):117-137.
Raniga, T. Poverty alleviation, social protection policy and sustainability of economic development cooperatives: voices of women residing in Bhambayi, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Social Work 2018;54(4): 395-406.
Sobantu, M., Zulu, N., Maphosa, N. Housing as a basic human right: A reflection on South Africa. Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 2019;31(1): 1-18.
Jewkes, R.K., Dunkle, K., Nduna, M., Shai, N. 2010. Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. The Lancet 376(9734): 41-48.
Woollet, N., Thomson, K. Understanding the intergenerational transmission of violence. South African Medical Journal 2016;106: 1068-1070.
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). Integrating Gender Equality into Housing Sector Operations. St. Michael: Barbados; 2018.
Baruah, B. Gendered realities: Exploring property ownership and tenancy relationships in urban India. World Development 2007;35(12): 2096–2109.
Behrman, J., Meinzen-Dick, R., Quisumbing, A. The gender implications of large-scale land deals. The Journal of Peasant Studies 2012;39(1): 49–79.
Chen, M., Fangfang, Y. A Home of One’s Own? Gendered Homeownership in Urban China. China Review 2020;20(2): 143-182.
Englehart, N. A., Miller, M. K. The CEDAW Effect: International Law's Impact on Women's Rights. Journal of Human Rights 2014;13: 22–47.
Anggraeni, V. P., Bariyah, N., Kurniawati, S. Gender Equality and Economic Growth Toward Fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals. Jurnal Geografi 2022;14(1): 107-119.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (KP3A). Policy brief: Gender equality. Jakarta: KP3A; 2016.
Siscawati, M., Adelina, S., Eveline, R., Anggriani, S. Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in The National Development of Indonesia, Journal of Strategic and Global Studies 2020;2(2) Article 3.
Nurdin. Implementing Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesian Local Government: The Case of Tangerang Regency. Transformative 2022; 8(1): 31-56.
Bappenas. Roadmap of SDGs Indonesia: A Highlight. Bappenas: Jakarta; 2019.
Mayock, P., Sheridan, S., Parker, S.’It’s Just Like We’re Going Around in Circles and Going Back to the Same Thing…’ The Dynamics of Women’s Unresolved Homelessness, Housing Studies 2015; 30(6): 877-900.
Huiskes, P., Dinis, M. A. P., Caridade, S. Technology-facilitated sexual violence victimization during the COVID-19 pandemic: Behaviours and attitudes. Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma 2022;31(9): 1148-1167.
UN Women. Gender Equality and the New Urban Agenda. UN Women: New York; 2016.
UN Women. Why Gender Equality Matters Across All SDGS. Blossom: Milan; 2018.
UN-Habitat. Gender Issue Guide: Urban Planning and Design. Nairobi: UN-Habitat; 2012
Zalewski, M. I don’t even know what gender is: A discussion of the connections between gender, gender mainstreaming and feminist theory. Review of International Studies 2010;36(1): 3–27.
Obura, D. O. Getting to 2030 - Scaling effort to ambition through a narrative model of the SDGs. Marine Policy 2020; 117: 103973.
de Jong, E., Vijge, M. J. From millennium to sustainable development goals: Evolving discourses and their reflection in policy coherence for development. Earth System Governance 2021;7, 100087. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. esg. 2020. 100087
Howley, P. Sustainability versus Liveability: An Exploration of Central City Housing Satisfaction. International Journal of Housing Policy 2010;10(2): 173–189.
Kim, H., Woosnam, K. M., Marcouiller, D. W., Aleshinloye, K. D., Choi, Y. Residential Mobility, Urban Preference, and Human Settlement: A South Korean Case Study. Habitat International 2015;49: 497–507.
Jansen, S. J. T. Different Values, Different Housing? Can Underlying Value Orientations Predict Residential Preference and Choice? Housing, Theory and Society 2013;31(3): 254–276.
Jabareen, Y. Culture and Housing Preferences in a Developing City. Environment and Behavior 2005;37(1): 134–146.
Tan, T.H. Neighborhood Preferences of House Buyers: the Case of Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 2011;4(1): 58–69.
Hamad, R., Abd Elrahman, A.S., Ismail, A. Homes or Just Houses: The Housing Needs of Female-Headed Households in Egypt. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2018;6: 138-150. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbcpr.2018.63010
He, L., Yang, C. Housing Satisfaction of Urban Residents and its Influential Factors. Journal of Public Management 2011;8(2): 43–51. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Babawale, G., Adewunmi, Y. The Impact of Neighbourhood Churches on House Prices. Journal of Sustainable Development 2011;4(1): 246-253.
Jānis, K., Guido, S., Māris, B. Residential satisfaction and mobility behaviour among the young: insights from the postSoviet city of Riga. Belgeo; 2018.
Pinjari, A. R., Pendyala, R. M., Bhat, C. R., Waddell, P. A. Modeling the choice continuum: an integrated model of residential location, auto ownership, bicycle ownership, and commute tour mode choice decisions. Transportation 2011;38 (6): 933–958.
Alm, J., Winters, J. V. Distance and intrastate college student migration. Economics of Education Review 2009;28(6): 728–738.
Letdin, M., Shim, H. S. Location choice, life cycle and amenities. Journal of Regional Science 2019;59(3): 567–585.
Baum-Snow, N., Hartley, D. Accounting for central neighborhood change, 1980–2010. Journal of Urban Economics 2020;117(1): 103228.
Shuttleworth, I., Foley, B., Gould, M., Champion, T. Residential mobility in divided societies: How individual religion and geographical context influenced housing moves in Northern Ireland 2001–2011, Population Space and Place 2020;27(2): e2387.
Schouten, A. Residential mobility and the geography of low-income households. Urban Studies 2020;58(9): 1846–1865. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020922127
Galvez, M., Kleit, R. The Location Choices of Public Housing Residents Displaced by Redevelopment: Market Constraints, Personal Preference or Social Information? Journal of Urban Affairs. 2011;33(4): 375–407.
Arvanitis, Y. African Housing Dynamics: Lessons from the Kenyan Market. Africa Economic Brief 2013;4(3): 1-11.
Mundra, K., Oyelere U. Determinants of Immigrant Home Ownership: Examining their Changing Role During Great Recession and Beyond. IZA Discussion Paper 7468; 2013.
Wong, G. A Conceptual Model of the Household’s Housing Decision-Making Process: The Economic Perspective. Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies 2002;14(3): 217-234. DOI: 10.1111/1467-940X.00055
Galster, G., Hesser, G. W. Residential Satisfaction: Compositional and Contextual Correlates. Environment and Behavior 1981;13(6): 735–758.
Akindele, O. A., Ojo, T., Abolade, O. Perceived housing satisfaction in public estates of Osogbo, Nigeria. Journal of Geographical and Regional Planning 2014;7(9): 185-191.
Jansen, S. J. T. The impact of the have±want discrepancy on residential satisfaction. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2014;40: 26-38.
Morris, E., Crull, S., & Winter, M. Housing Norms, Housing Satisfaction, and the Propensity to Move. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1976;38:309-320.
Rossi, P. Why Families Move. New York: MacMillan; 1955.
Wolpert, J. Behavioral Aspects of the Decision to Migrate. Papers of the Regional Science Association 1965;15: 159-169.
Speare, J. A., Goldstein, S., Frey, W. H. Residential Mobility, Migration, and Metropolitan Change. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger; 1975.
Clark, W. A. V., Dieleman, F. M. Households and Housing. Choice and Outcomes in the Housing Market, New Jersey: CUPR Press; 1996.
Darrah, J., DeLuca, S. Living Here Has Changed My Whole Perspective: How Escaping Inner-City Poverty Shapes Neighborhood and Housing Choice, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 2014;33(2): 350–384.
Stockdale, A., Catney, G. A Life Course Perspective on Urban–Rural Migration: The Importance of the Local Context, Population, Space and Place 2014;20: 83-98.
Rosen, E. Rigging the Rules of the Game: How Landlords Geographically Sort Low-Income Renters, City & Community 2015;13(4): 310-340.
Warner, C. , Sharp, G. The short- and long-term effects of life events on residential mobility. Advances in Life Course Research 2016;27: 1–15.
Vaalavuo, M., van Ham, M., Kauppinen, T. M. Income Increase and Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into Ethnic Differences in Finland. IZA Institute of Labour Economics Discussion Paper Series (IZA DP No. 11076); 2017.
Omagwa, J. O., Aduda, J. O. The Influence of Demographics on Owner-Occupied Housing Decisions: A Case of Apartment Households in Nairobi County, Kenya. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal 2015;4(1): 11-26.
dersson, E., Abramsson, M. Changing residential mobility rates of older people in Sweden. Ageing & Society 2011;32(6): 963–982.
Clark, W. A. V., Davies Withers, S. Fertility, mobility and labour-force participation: A study of synchronicity. Population, Space and Place 2009;15(4): 305–321.
Michielin, F., Mulder, C. H. Family events and the residential mobility of couples. Environment and Planning A 2008;40(11): 2770–2790.
Lindgren, U. Who is the counter-urban mover? Evidence from the Swedish urban system. International Journal of Population Geography 2003;9(5): 399–418.
Bayrakdar, S., Coulter, R., Lersch, P.M., Vidal, S. Family formation, parental background and young adults’ first entry into homeownership in Britain and Germany. Housing Studies 2019;34(6): 974–996.
Brandén, M., Haandrikman, K. Who moves to whom? Gender differences in the distance moved to a shared residence. European Journal of Population 2019;35(3): 435–458.
Forrest, R., Yip, N. Young People and Housing: Transitions Trajectories and Generational Fractures. London: Routledge; 2013.
Huang, X., Dijst, M., van Weesep, J., Zou, N. Residential mobility in China: home ownership among rural-urban migrants after reform of the hukou registration system. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 2014;29(4): 615–636. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-013-9370-5
Lersch, P. M., Luijkx, R. Intergenerational Transmission of Homeownership in Europe: Revisiting the Socialisation Hypothesis, Social Science Research 2015;49: 327–342.
Clark, W. A. V., Deurloo, M. C., Dieleman, F. M. Tenure changes in the context of micro-level family and macro-level economic shifts. Urban Studies 1994;31(1): 137–154.
Ronald, R. The Ideology of Homeownership: Homeowner Societies and the Role of Housing. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 2008.
Castiglioni, M., Dalla Zuanna, G. Innovation and tradition: Reproductive and marital behaviour in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s. European Journal of Population 1994;10:107-142.
Feijten, P., Mulder, C. H., Baizan, P. Age differentiation in the effect of household situation on first-time homeownership, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 2003;18: 233–255.
Oh, J. Residential Mobility and Quality of Life between Metropolitan Areas: The Case of South Korea. Sustainability 2020;12, 8611.
Opit, S., Witten, K., Kearns, R. Housing pathways, aspirations and preferences of young adults within increasing urban density. Housing Studies 2020;35(1): 123–142.
Kulu, H. Fertility and Spatial Mobility in the Life Course, Evidence from Austria. Environment and Planning A 2008;40: 632-652. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3914
Wagner, M., Mulder, C. H. Spatial Mobility, Family Dynamics, and Housing Transitions. KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 2015;67(1).
Angelini, V., Brugiavini, A., Weber, G. The dynamics of homeownership among the 50+ in Europe. Journal of Population Economics 2014;27(3): 797–823.
Diaz, A., Luengo-Prado, M. Homeownership: Economic Benefits. In: Smith, S. J., Elsinga, M., Fox-O’Mahony, L., Ong, S., Wachter, S. (eds.). The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2013.
Coulter, R., van Ham, M., Findlay, A. M. Re-thinking residential mobility: Linking lives through time and space. Progress in Human Geography 2016;40(3): 352–74.
Buzar, S., Ogden, P. E., Hall, R. Households matter: the quiet demography of urban transformation, Progress in Human Geography 2005;29: 413–436.
South, S. J., Crowder, K. D., Trent, K. Children’s residential mobility and neighborhood environment following parental divorce and remarriage, Social Forces 1998;77: 667–693.
Clapham, D. Introduction to the special issue-A theory of housing: Problems and potential. Housing, Theory and Society 2009;26(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036090802704445
Mikolai, J., Kulu, H., Mulder, C. H. Introduction to the Special Collection on “Separation, Divorce, and Residential Mobility in a Comparative Perspective” Demographic Research 2020;43(2): 35-58. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2020.43.2
De Vaus, D., Gray, M., Qu, L., Stanton, D. The economic consequences of divorce in six OECD countries. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies; 2015.
Herbers, D. J., Mulder, C. H., Modenes, J. A. Moving out of home ownership in later life: The influence of the family and housing careers. Housing Studies 2014;29: 910–936.
Feijten, P., Mulder, C. The Timing of Household Events and Housing Events in the Netherlands: A Longitudinal Perspective. Housing Studies 2010;17(5): 773-792. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303022000009808
Murinkó, L. Housing consequences of divorce and separation in a ‘super home ownership’ regime: The case of Hungary. Demographic Research 2019;40(34): 975–1014.
Schnor, C., Mikolai, J. Remain, leave, or return? Mothers’ location continuity after separation in Belgium. Demographic Research 2020;42(9): 245–292.
Cooke, T. J. Migration in a family way. Population, Space and Place 2008;14(4): 255–265. doi:10.1002/psp.500.
Fowler, P. J., Henry, D. B., Marcal, K. E. Family and housing instability: Longitudinal impact on adolescent emotional and behavioral well-being. Social Science Research 2015;53: 364–374.
Desmond, M., Gershenson, C. Housing and employment insecurity among the working poor. Social Problems 2016;63(1): 46–67.
Mayock, P., Sheridan, S. Women’s Homeless ‘Journeys’: Key Findings from a Biographical Study of Homeless Women in Ireland. Dublin: Trinity College Dublin; 2012.
Thomas, M. J., Mulder, C. H., Cooke, T. J. Linked lives and constrained spatial mobility: The case of moves related to separation among families with children. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 2017;42(4): 597–611.
Albertini, M., Gähler, M., Härkönen, J. Moving back to ‘mamma’? Divorce, intergenerational coresidence, and latent family solidarity in Sweden. Population, Space and Place 2018;24(24): e2142.
Mulder, C., Malmberg, G. Local Ties and Family Migration. Environment and Planning A 2014;46: 2195-2211. https://doi.org/10.1068/a130160p
Mulder, C., Smits, A. Inter-generational Ties, Financial Transfers and Home-ownership Support. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 2013;28 (1): 95-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-012-9302-9
Bruin, M. J., Cook, C. C. Determinants of Housing quality: A comparison of White, African-American, and Hispanic Single-Parent Women. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 1994;4: 329-348
Kulu, H., Steele, F. Interrelationships between childbearing and housing transitions in the family life course. Demography 2013;50(5): 1687–1714.
Challiol, H., Mignonac, K. Relocation Decision-Making and Couple Relationships: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Dual-Earner Couples. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2005;26: 247-274. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.311
Helderman, A. C., Mulder, C. H., van Ham, M. The changing effect of home ownership on residential mobility in the Netherlands, 1980–98. Housing Studies 2004;19(4): 601–616.
Bielby,W. T., Bielby, D. D. I will follow him: Family ties, gender-role beliefs, and reluctance to relocate for a better job. American Journal of Sociology 1992;97: 1241–1267.
Shihadeh, E. S. The prevalence of husband-centered migration: Employment consequences for married mothers. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1991;53: 432–444.
Mincer, J. Family migration decisions. Journal of Political Economy 1978;86: 749–773.
Lerman, R. I., Ooms, T. J. Young unwed fathers: Changing roles and emerging policies. Philadelphia: Temple University Press; 1995.
Findlay, A., McCollum, D., Coulter, R., Gayle, V. New mobilities across the life course: a framework for analysing demographically-linked drivers of migration. Population, Place and Space 2015;21(4): 390–402.
Bruin, M. J., Cook, C. C. Understanding constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent families. Environment and Behavior 1997;4: 532-553.
Skaburskis, A. Gender Differences in Housing Demand. Urban Studies 1997;34(2): 275-320.
Miraftab, F. Complexities of the margin: housing decisions by female householders in Mexico. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1998;16(3): 289–310. doi:10.1068/d160289
Timans, R., Wouters, P., Heilbron, J. J. T. Mixed methods research: What it is and what it could be? Theory and Society 2019;48: 193-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-019-09345-5
Almeida, F. Strategies to perform a mixed methods study. European Journal of Education Studies 2018;5(1): 137-151. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1406214
McKim, C. The Value of Mixed Methods Research: A Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 2017;11(2): 202-222.
Creswell, J., Clark, V. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. London: Sage; 2017.
Creswell, J. W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2003.
Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., Bristow, A. Research Methods for Business Students. London: Pearson; 2019.
Klein, A., Nihalani, K., Krishnan, K. S. A Comparison of the Validity of Interviewer-based and Online-conjoint Analyses, Journal of Management and Marketing Research 2010;2(1): 1-15.
Croasmun, J. T., Ostrom, L. Using Likert-Type Scales in the Social Sciences. Journal of Adult Education 2011;40(1): 19-22.
Haddad, C., Sacre, H., Zeenny, R. M., Hajj, A., Akel, M., Iskandar, K., Salameh, P. Should samples be weighted to decrease selection bias in online surveys during the COVID‑19 pandemic? Data from seven datasets. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2022;22:63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-022-01547-3
Royal, K. D. Survey research methods: A guide for creating post-stratification weights to correct for sample bias. Education in the Health Profession 2019;2: 48-50.
Tavakol, M., Dennick, R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education 2011;2: 53-55.
Linneberg, M. S., Korsgaard, S. Coding Qualitative Data: A Synthesis Guiding the Novice. Qualitative Research Journal 2019;19(3): 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-12-2018-0012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/ijbesr.7.2.75-98
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research
Indexed on:
