Patogenisitas Cendawan Colletotrichum musae dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa dan Ketahanan Buah Beberapa Kultivar Pisang

Dwi Nanda Aulia Situmorang; Hendrival Hendrival; Usnawiyah Usnawiyah; Latifah Latifah; Novita Pramahsari Putri; Muhammad Muaz Munauwar; Baidhawi Baidhawi

doi:10.24853/jat.9.1.36-43

Patogenisitas Cendawan Colletotrichum musae dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa dan Ketahanan Buah Beberapa Kultivar Pisang

Dwi Nanda Aulia Situmorang, Hendrival Hendrival, Usnawiyah Usnawiyah, Latifah Latifah, Novita Pramahsari Putri, Muhammad Muaz Munauwar, Baidhawi Baidhawi

Abstract

Penyakit antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit pascapanen pada buah pisang saat penyimpanan yang menyebabkan buah akan membusuk dan rusak sebelum matang. Penyakit antraknosa pada buah pisang disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletotrichum musae dan C. gloeosporioides. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas isolat C. musae dan C. gloeosporioides serta ketahanan buah beberapa kultivar pisang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2021 sampai Januari 2022 di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial. Faktor pertama yaitu kultivar buah pisang dan faktor kedua yaitu isolat cendawan.. Parameter yang diamati adalah warna koloni cendawan, periode inkubasi, dan keparahan penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koloni C. musae berwarna putih dan C. gloeosporioides berwarna putih keabuan, periode inkubasi paling singkat terjadi pada buah pisang yang diinokulasi C. musae. Berdasarkan nilai keparahan penyakit respons buah pisang dibedakan menjadi sangat rentan ( Tanduk), rentan ( Barangan, Mas, Awak, dan Raja) dan agak tahan (Kepok). Inokulasi isolat C. musae dan C. gloeosporioides pada buah pisang Tanduk dapat meningkatkan keparahan penyakit dan periode inkubasi yang singkat dibandingkan pada buah pisang Kepok. Isolat C. musae memiliki tingkat patogenisitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan C. gloeosporioides.

ABSTRACT

Anthracnose disease is one of the post-harvest diseases in bananas during storage that causes the fruit to rot and be damaged before it ripens. Anthracnose disease in bananas is caused by the fungi Colletotrichum musae and C. gloeosporioides. The study aims to determine the pathogenicity of C. musae and C. gloeosporioides isolates and the resistance of several banana cultivars. The study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 at the Plant Pests and Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The experiment was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with a factorial pattern. The first factor is the banana cultivar and the second factor is the fungal isolate. The parameters observed were the colony color, the incubation period, and the severity of the disease. The results showed that the C. musae colony was white and C. gloeosporioides was grayish white, the shortest incubation period occurred in bananas inoculated with C. musae. Based on the severity of the disease, the response of banana fruit is divided into very susceptible (Tanduk), susceptible (Barangan, Mas, Awak, and Raja) and somewhat resistant (Kepok). Inoculation of C. musae and C. gloeosporioides isolates on Tanduk banana fruit can increase the severity of the disease and the short incubation period compared to Kepok banana fruit. C. musae isolates have a higher pathogenicity level than C. gloeosporioides.

Keywords

Keparahan penyakit, periode inkubasi, penyakit antraknosa, pisang

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/jat.9.1.36-43