Architectural Review of Islamic Civilization in the Arabian Peninsula, Persia, and Africa Case Studies: Umayyad Mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Sankore Mosque
Keywords:
Architecture of Islamic, Arabian Peninsula, Persia, AfricaAbstract
Islamic architecture developed alongside the widespread expansion of Islam, integrating with each region’s geographic conditions and cultural heritage. This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach with literature review as the primary method. The study focuses on identifying architectural characteristics in the Arabian Peninsula, Persia, and Africa. In Arabia, early mosque design reflects simplicity and a deep connection with nature. Persian architecture is marked by rich decorative elements like domes and iwans, highlighting spiritual expression. In Africa, Islamic buildings reveal strong adaptation to desert climates while retaining symbolic religious value. The findings emphasize that Islamic architecture is not merely a structural form, but a representation of tawhid principles, communal unity, and distinctive cultural identities across different regions.References
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