COMPETITIVENESS OF MAJOR PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN WORLD COFFEE TRADE
Keywords:
Competitiveness, ISP, Coffee, International Trade, RCAAbstract
This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and trade specialization of coffee exports from the world's five major producing countries, namely Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia, and Ethiopia, during the period 2004–2023. Secondary data used included five HS codes for coffee commodities (0901, 090111, 090112, 090121, and 090122) collected from Trademap and FAOSTAT. The analytical methods used included Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to measure competitiveness and the Trade Specialization Index (TSI) to identify the level of trade specialization. The results showed that coffee exports with HS codes 0901 and HS 090111 were the most competitive product groups among the five producing countries. Ethiopia had the highest and most consistent RCA values, while Brazil and Vietnam showed a downward trend in competitiveness. In contrast, Colombia showed a significant increase in competitiveness in roasted coffee products. Meanwhile, coffee exports under HS codes 090112, HS 090121 and HS 090122 generally do not show strong competitiveness. In terms of ISP, most countries have reached export maturity levels for HS 0901 and HS 090111, indicating their position as net exporters and have achieved the set production standards. However, fluctuations in ISP values in some countries indicate changes in export patterns and competitive dynamics in the world market.References
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