BENANG MERAH ANTARA DISAIN DAN POLA TATA RUANG RUMAH TAHAN GEMPA NGIBIKAN YOGYAKARTA TERHADAP PERILAKU PENGHUNINYA

Ahmad Mubarak Djuha, ari widyati purwantiasning

Abstract


ABSTRAK. Pada tahun 2006 silam, Yogyakarta luluh lantak oleh bencana alam yang begitu dashyat yaitu bencana gempa bumi. Sebagian besar kota Yogyakarta terutama desa-desa di pinggiran kota Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya ikut merasakan bencana ini. Kehancuran bangunan-bangunan dan desa-desa di Yogyakarta juga terjadi di salah satu desa di daerah Bantul. Dusun Ngibikan nama desanya, dan dampak bencana tersebut dirasakan mendalam bagi masyarakat dusun ini. Dusun yang terletak di Kelurahan Canden, Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul ini terletak sekitar 10 km dari pusat gempa sehingga tidak dapat dihindari sebagian rumah warga desa sudah rata dengan tanah dan rumah yang masih berdiripun sudah rusak parah. Dengan kondisi tersebut, muncul inisiatif akan salah satu bentuk keprihatinan dan kepedulian seorang arsitek Eko Prawoto yang mengajak masyarakat Ngibikan bersama-sama membangun kembali desanya dengan dipimpin oleh pemimpin masyarakat Pak Maryono. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengangkat masalah bagaimana keterkaitan antara rumah tahan gempa Ngibikan yang didesain Eko Prawoto terhadap perilaku masyarakat Ngibikan pasca gempa  Rumah lama berbentuk limasan direkonstruksi menjadi rumah baru dengan modifikasi inovatif yang dirancang agar tahan dari  gempa bumi.  Beberapa rumah dibangun tetap berada pada setting layout rumah yang lama, tujuannya untuk mempertahankan kebutuhan ruang seperti yang pernah ada sebelumnya. Proses rekontruksi tersebut melalui bentukan arsitekturnya dan perubahan fisik bangunan sedikitnya  telah merubah karakteristik lingkungan  Desa Ngibikan.  Secara tidak langsung perubahan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kegiatan/ aktifitas, perilaku dan psikologi masyarakatnya.

 

ABSTRACT. This research is aimed to analize the relation between design and pattern of spaces within house with the behavior of the community within the settlement. A case study of Ngibikan village has been conducted as a significant village within Yogyakarta city which had been destroyed by earthquake in 2006. This village has been nominated in Aga Khan Award 2010 in Doha, India, as a village that known well as a village which had been built by community participation or gotong royong’s concept. This village has a well maintained heritage, that makes this village has been regarded as a village with a concept of community architecture within it. This concept known as a concept of a rural development based on the needs and desires of the community/ society by implementing the concept of community participation or gotong royong. By applying this concept, hopefully could create a settlement for the community which is comfort and livable. Former house with pyramid shape had been reconstructed to be a new house with an innovative modification which had been designed to resistant with earthquake. Some houses had been built by remaining the old setting layout house, in order to maintain the need of space. The reconstruction processes through the formation of architectural and physical change of the houses at least have changed the characteristic of the environment of Ngibikan Village. Indirectly, those changes may affect the activities, behavior and psychological of the community.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/nalars.14.1.%25p

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