GION MATSURI: PROSESI BUDAYA, PARTISIPASI KOMUNITAS DAN PELESTARIAN WAJAH KOTA KYOTO

Titin Fatimah

Abstract


ABSTRAK. Gion Matsuri adalah satu dari tiga festival terbesar di Jepang yang diselenggarakan tiap bulan Juli. Prosesi dalam festival yang berlangsung selama sebulan tersebut melibatkan masyarakat lokal sebagai penyelenggara utama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat apa dan bagaimana Gion Matsuri, sejauh mana keterlibatan masyarakat/ komunitas lokal dalam penyelenggaraannya serta kaitannya dengan upaya pelestarian wajah kota/ townscape sebagai bagian dari pelestarian lansekap kota secara keseluruhan. Kota menjadi panggung utama tempat festival ini digelar, oleh karena itu karakter khas Kyoto berupa bangunan tradisional/ machiya townhouse sangatlah penting. Berbagai upaya pelestarian telah ditempuh. Sayang sekali, pesatnya pembangunan yang tak terkontrol menyebabkan wajah kota Kyoto berubah banyak. Populasi machiya semakin menurun, tergantikan dengan menjamurnya bangunan-bangunan baru yang berpotensi merusak karakter kota Kyoto. Upaya pelestarian sudah ditempuh oleh pemerintah, namun beberapa peraturan yang sudah dibuat untuk melindungi karakter lansekap kota belum menyentuh pada esensi karakter kota secara keseluruhan. Padahal tantangan perubahan sosial ekonomi budaya terus berlangsung seiring tuntutan zaman. Untuk itu perlu upaya sinergis antara pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat/ komunitas untuk mengkondisikan laju pembangunan tetap bisa selaras dan harmonis dengan karakter kota Kyoto.


Kata kunci: Gion Matsuri, Kyoto, Festival, Komunitas, Lansekap Kota, Wajah Kota, Karakter Kota

 


ABSTRACT. Gion Matsuri is an annually festival in Kyoto, organized in every July and renowned as one of the three biggest festivals in Japan. The processions take place through the whole month where local community take part as main organizer. This article aims to describe what is Gion Matsuri, how local community involved in organizing the festival, and the relation with the effort of townscape conservation as part of the whole urban landscape. The festival takes place in the historic city centre as its main stage, therefore traditional wooden architecture is important as the Kyoto’s character. A number of efforts on townscape conservation have been carried out, but unfortunately uncontrollable development have caused the big changes on Kyoto townscape. The population of machiya townhouses, the Kyoto’s unique traditional wooden architecture, has decreased. The new built buildings that replaced those traditional ones potentially destroy the character of Kyoto towscape. Government had took some efforts to protect the townscape, but the issued regulations does not yet touch the whole character of Kyoto townscape. Whereas, social economy and culture that are continuesly changing is a big challenge for conservation. Therefore, sinergic effort among the government, private sector and local community is needed to condition the development pace to be harmonious with the character of Kyoto City.


Keywords: Gion Matsuri, Kyoto, Festival, Community, Urban Landscape, Townscape, City Character


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/nalars.13.1.%25p

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