ANALISIS PEMASARAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya perbedaan harga jamur tiram putih organik di tingkat konsumen dengan harga yang di tingkat petani serta adanya dugaan peran beberapa pedagang dalam pemasaran jamur tiram putih organik di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian: (1) mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran; (2) menganalisis fungsi-fungsi pemasaran jamur tiram putih organik; (3) menganalisis biaya dan margin pemasaran, serta share petani; dan (4) menganalisis efisien atau tidak-nya saluran pemasaran di daerah penelitian. Metode penentuan lokasi penelitian adalah purposive di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Selanjutnya, penentuan sampel penelitian menggunakan metode snowball sampling, sehingga jumlah sampel petani 31 orang, pedagang pengumpul kecamatan 1 orang, pedagang pengecer 2 orang, dan pedagang jamur crispy 2 orang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan: (1) Pemasaran jamur tiram putih organik di Kabupaten Deli Serdang terdiri dari 4 saluran pemasaran; (2) Fungsi-fungsi pemasaran jamur tiram putih organik, diantaranya fungsi pembelian, penjualan, transportasi, pengemasan, sortasi, dan pembiayaan; (3) Adapun rincian total biaya, margin pemasaran, serta share petani jamur tiram putih organik di Kabupaten Deli Serdang adalah sebagai berikut : Saluran I, total biaya Rp 2081.7; margin pemasaran Rp 10,000; dan share petani sebesar 60%. Saluran II, total biaya Rp 2,698.18; margin pemasaran Rp 13,000; dan share petani 53.57%. Saluran III, total biaya Rp 56,216.18; margin pemasaran Rp 110,000; dan share petani 12%. Saluran IV, total biaya Rp 1,008.07; margin pemasaran sebesar Rp 0; dan share petani 100%; (4) Pemasaran jamur tiram putih organik di Kabupaten Deli Serdang untuk saluran I sampai IV efisien (nilai Ep < 50%).

ABSTRACT

The research background is due to the existing difference between the price consumers pay for organic white oyster mushroom with the money farmers receive also the presumption of involvement of several traders in the mushroom trading in Deli Serdang district. Therefore, a research was conducted to achieve several objectives which are: (1) to identify marketing channel; (2) to analyse the functions of marketing; (3) to analyse cost and marketing margin; and (4). to analyse the marketing efficiency of organic white oyster mushroom in the research areas. Location was determined using purposive method in Deli Serdang district. Next, sample was determined by snowball sampling method with limited data availability, farmer’s sample size was 31 people, local trader’s was 1 person, retailer’s was 2 people and crispy mushroom seller was 2 people. Based on the research conducted, we can conclude: (1) There are 4 marketing channels in organic white oyster mushroom trading in Deli Serdang District; (2) farmers and middleman use marketing functions such as purchasing, selling, transporting, packaging, sorting and financing functions; (3) As for total cost, marketing margin and farmers share in Deli Serdang district respectively are:   Channel I, Rp 20,817.7; Rp 10,000 and 60%. Channel II, Rp 2,698.18; Rp 13,000 and 53.57%. Channel III, Rp 56,216.18; Rp 110,000 and 12%. Channel IV, Rp 1,008.07; Rp 0; and 100%. (4) The organic white oyster mushroom marketing in Medan City and Deli Serdang District for channel I - IV are efficient (E_p value < 50%).