Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis dan Pilihan Terapi
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ditemukan pada akhir tahun 2019 tepatnya bulan Desember di Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Huebei, China dan kemudian menyebar ke hampir seluruh dunia. Covid-19 disebabkan oleh betacoronavirus jenis baru yang cenderung mirip SARS-CoV dan MERS-CoV. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk memberikan telaah mengenai patofisiologi, manifestasi klinis, dan perkembangan penelitian tatalaksana Covid-19. Jenis review yang digunakan dalam artikel ini berbentuk literature review terhadap 41 artikel Covid-19 dengan menggunakan database PubMed dan Google Scholar. Covid-19 termasuk dalam genus betacoronavirus, hasil anasilis menunjukkan adanya kemiripan dengan SARS. Gejala umum di awal penyakit adalah demam, kelelahan atau myalgia, batuk kering. Serta beberapa organ yang terlibat seperti pernapasan, gastrointestinal, dan neurologis. Sampai saat ini, WHO dan beberapa Negara sedang melaksanakan uji klinis untuk menemukan obat yang tepat untuk Covid-19, studi ini bernama SOLIDARITY. Terdapat 4 kelompok dalam studi ini, yaitu kelompok LPV/r dan Interferon-beta, Remdesivir, Klorokuin dan Hidroksiklorokuin. Faktor virus dengan respon imun menentukan keparahan dari infeksi Covid-19. Gejala umum di awal penyakit adalah demam (83-98%), kelelahan atau myalgia, batuk kering (76-82%) dan sesak napas (31-55%). Dari telaah terhadap studi yang ada didapatkan bahwa sampai saat ini Remdesivir adalah obat yang paling berpotensi efektif terhadap Covid-19, walaupun begitu, masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan melakukan uji klinis yang lebih luas.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/jkk.17.1.44-57
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