Obesitas, Pola Diet, dan Aktifitas Fisik dalam Penanganan Diabetes Melitus pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Abstract
Latar belakang: Penyakit diabetes melitus (DM) dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian pada pasien Covid-19. Diabetes melitus merupakan merupakan penyakit atau gangguan metabolisme kronis yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar gula darah disertai gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lipid, dan protein sebagai akibat insufisiensi fungsi insulin. Penyakit dengan multi etiologi ini disebabkan oleh beberapa determinan utama mencakup obesitas, pola diet, dan aktifitas fisik. Insiden kasus diabetes melitus secara global terus meningkat secara signifikan di berbagai negara. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi diabetes melitus menurut hasil pemeriksaan gula darah meningkat dari 6,9% pada 2013 menjadi 8,5% di Indonesia. Prevalensi penyakit ini tidak hanya meningkat pada kelompok usia dewasa namun juga pada kelompok usia remaja yaitu usia 15 tahun. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menelaah secara ilmiah penanganan DM dari faktor obesitas, pola diet, dan aktifitas fisik. Hasil: Penderita diabetes melitus mengalami insufisiensi fungsi insulin akibat terjadinya gangguan atau produksi insulin dalam pankreas, sehingga insulin mengalami kesulitan dalam mengubah glukosa menjadi energi. Kadar glukosa dalam darah memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan jumlah lemak dalam tubuh yang terkait dengan obesitas, pola makan, serta pengambilan energi dari aktifitas fisik. Keberhasilan penanganan diabetes melitus dengan mengontrol berbagai determinan juga ditentukan oleh kondisi psikososial serta dukungan dari keluarga. Kesimpulan: Penanganan diabetes melitus dapat dilakukan secara optimal melalui pengaturan pola hidup sehat yaitu dengan mempertahankan status gizi normal dan mencegah obesitas, pengaturan pola makan yang sehat melalui asupan gizi seimbang, serta melakukan aktifitas fisik terutama dengan berolahraga secara rutin.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/mjnf.2.1.1-12
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